Natural
Shaped by nature
- Karst cavesCavities carved by water in limestone rock, often rich in stalactites and stalagmites.
- Vertical shaftsDeep pits and chambers reached by rope, among the most demanding explorations.
- Lava cavesTubes formed by cooling lava, the target of our upcoming missions.
Artificial
Carved by people
- Historic aqueductsUnderground water networks, like the Livada and Krana aqueducts in Lindos.
- MinesTunnels and shafts of historical and industrial interest.
- Air-raid sheltersShelter structures dug in the 20th century.
- Places of worshipUnderground spaces of religious and anthropological value.
Case studies
Some of the places we have visited
Lindos, Rhodes
Krana aqueduct
A two-level Hellenistic water network, surveyed together with the Gruppo Speleologico Urbinate.
Urbino, Italy
Santa Lucia aqueduct
A Roman conduit still walkable beneath the historic centre of Urbino.
Schilpario, Bergamo
Schilpario mine
A former iron mine, today a museum trail through its historic galleries.
Perticara, Emilia-Romagna
Perticara mine
A former sulphur mine: explored with breathing apparatus and natural radioactivity monitoring.